Docker Installation and working in Windows

The Docker Engine uses Linux-specific kernel features, so to run it on Windows we need to use a lightweight virtual machine (vm). You use the Windows Docker client to control the virtualized Docker Engine to build, run, and manage Docker containers.
To make this process easier, we've designed a helper application called Boot2Docker that installs the virtual machine and runs the Docker daemon.

Installation

1. Download the latest release of the Docker for Windows Installer
2. Run the installer, which will install VirtualBox, MSYS-git, the boot2docker Linux ISO, and the Boot2Docker management tool.
3. Run the Boot2Docker Start shell script from your Desktop or Program Files > Boot2Docker for Windows. The Start script will ask you to enter an ssh key passphrase - the simplest (but least secure) is to just hit [Enter].

The Boot2Docker Start script will connect you to a shell session in the virtual machine. If needed, it will initialize a new VM and start it.

Upgrading

1. Download the latest release of the Docker for Windows Installer
   
2. Run the installer, which will update the Boot2Docker management tool.
   
3. To upgrade your existing virtual machine, open a terminal and run:
   

   boot2docker stop
   boot2docker download
   boot2docker start

Running Docker

Boot2Docker will log you in automatically so you can start using Docker right away.
Let's try the hello-world example image. Run

$ docker run hello-world

This should download the very small hello-world image and print a Hello from Docker. message.

Further Details

The Boot2Docker management tool provides several commands:

$ ./boot2docker
Usage: ./boot2docker [<options>] {help|init|up|ssh|save|down|poweroff|reset|restart|config|status|info|ip|delete|download|version} [<args>]

Container port redirection

If you are curious, the username for the boot2docker default user is docker and the password is tcuser.
The latest version of boot2docker sets up a host only network adaptor which provides access to the container's ports.
If you run a container with an exposed port:

docker run --rm -i -t -p 80:80 nginx

Then you should be able to access that nginx server using the IP address reported to you using:

boot2docker ip

Typically, it is 192.168.59.103, but it could get changed by Virtualbox's DHCP implementation.
For further information or to report issues, please see the Boot2Docker site